Financially, it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s an unexpected but necessary expense if I want to continue making and printing maps like I do now, but it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s definitely something I love doing. While I can cover the cost with a little juggling of finances and payment plans, any assistance that you could offer – even just a few dollars – would be a massive help. If you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve ever purchased a print, or read and enjoyed the blog, please consider making a small donation to my printer fund by using the form below – enter any amount that you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d like to give. All money received this way will go directly towards purchasing a new printer, an Epson SureColor P9000, the direct descendant of my 9900.

Thank you for y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划consideration!

Cam
澳洲10开官网开奖

The full project description follows, but you can view the map below or click here to view it in a full-screen window.

At 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划sight, the Yakima streetcar and interurban network may not look quite as impressive as the other two larger cities (which had dozens of lines each) but there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s one very special aspect that truly sets it apart: it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s still operating🔸澳洲幸运10预测.

Opened on Christmas Day 1907, passenger service continued until February 1947 – long after other streetcars had faded away in Washington state – and freight service on the electric interurban lines continued right up to 1985, 🔸澳洲开奖 the Union Pacific finally abandoned the by-then unprofitable system. However, a small touristic trolley service using the interurban lines had begun in 1974 and has continued up to the present day. If you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re ever in Yakima, be sure to visit the Yakima Valley Trolleys Museum – housed in the original 1910 car barn and power house – and maybe take a ride on one of their historical trolleys along Pine Street or even up to Selah.

For once, researching the lines of the network wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t a problem, thanks to Kenneth G. Johnsen🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s excellent book Apple Country Interurban🔸澳洲幸运10预测, and a whole slew of original engineering blueprints found on the YVT museum🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s website. As seen below, the amount of detail on these is incredibly comprehensive and allowed a lot of extra detail to be included on the final map, often even including what kind of facilities were to be found at each stop – ranging from a full depot building down to a simple pole indicating that trains could stop there. City maps from 1918 and Sanborn maps from 1920 provided further supporting details. The only line which still lacks a bit of detail is the interurban line out to Henrybro, for which I haven🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t come across a proper map yet.

Instead, the main challenge presented by this map was one of scale🔸澳洲幸运10预测: the interurban lines headed far out into the surrounding countryside, making the city lines (the main focus of the previous maps in the series) shrink down into one corner of the map. Almost immediately, I decided that I would use an inset diagram to demonstrate how the city lines worked, while the main map would show the interurban lines in full over a simple one-col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划indication of the extent of the city lines. While this worked well, early drafts of the map looked very empty and flat, simply because there was nothing to see in large parts of it!

I got to thinking that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d like to include an indication of geography in the map, not only to provide some much-needed texture to the flat map, but also to indicate how the railroads were governed by it. The line north from Yakima to Selah had to pass through the narrow Selah Gap, which already had the main Northern Pacific line passing through it. The interurban line follows almost the same path as the NP line, but necessarily higher up the valley wall, making for a spectacular journey through the gap. Similarly, the Cowiche Canyon branch of the North Yakima & Valley Railway has to traverse the eponymous canyon on its way out to Tieton.

A request for assistance in making a suitable hillshade for the map was met by Daniel Huffman, whose willingness to share his knowledge and help others always astounds me. With his hillshade now acting as a canvas for the map, I pretty much redrew all the lines to ensure everything lined up properly (I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d been a little too🔸澳洲幸运10预测 diagrammatic in that earlier draft!). Quite remarkably, there are a couple of places on the hillshade where the old interurban right-of-way could still be discerned: normally 🔸澳洲开奖 the line dropped off the edge of a steep hill or similar. As a result of all this work, this is probably as close to an actual geographical map as you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ll ever see from me, though it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s important to note that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve still simplified a lot of things and this is definitely not a fully-accurate trackage map (although I could almost make one with all the data I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve gathered!)

Note that the path of the rivers on the main map are based off city maps of Yakima from 1918, and often show a substantially different path to today🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s rivers (seen on the small “Current Trolley Lines” map at the bottom right). The most obvious difference is the presence of the two huge log ponds that were part of the Cascade Lumber Mill on the edge of town – served by the YVT🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s North Eighth Street line.

Once the main map was drawn, I adapted the city line diagram from it – separating the eight routes of the time out into their own lines, and indicating some of the common ways that the routes interlined as they passed through downtown by using similar colours for the respective east- and west-side lines. These common interlinings are all taken from the map on the inside cover of Apple Country Interurban🔸澳洲幸运10预测, though there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s plenty of photographic evidence within that same book that other interlinings were sometimes used – with interurban cars sometimes even extending their run to the far end of a city line on the east side of town. The YVT only had a small fleet of cars without a lot of redundancy, and I feel that they often just went where they were needed at the time. Headways were never spectacular: most city lines only ran twice an hour, and some just once an hour. Six trains a day went out to Wiley City and Henrybro, while eight a day ran on the Selah Line – f🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划only went as far north as Taylor, while the other f🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划continued all the way to the end of the line at Speyers.

AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页 oddity of the network is the Orchard Line: it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s never included as a city line, nor does it ever appear on interurban timetables. Despite the YVT🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s franchise requiring🔸澳洲幸运10预测 it to carry passengers on all its lines, it seems that this line was treated as more of a freight spur (collecting produce from the farms in the area) than an actual “line”, so it existed in a slightly grey area.

Because there aren🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t many lines that needed to be listed in the map🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s legend, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve included some extra historical information about each of them (opening and closing dates, etc.), as well as a small map of the current trolley operations on Pine Street and out to Selah. Of the 48 miles that operated in 1920, only about five remain in use today.

As always, comments are welcome below! Prints of the map are available for purchase in the 澳洲10开官网开奖🔸澳洲幸运10预测 print store.

You can view the map in the window below, or click here to view it in a full-screen window.

At its height, the Portland Railway Light & Power Company🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s city streetcar network had more than 35 routes, plus a few extra stub lines run by independent companies. Finding a way to clearly map these lines in the dense downtown area always seemed impossible to me, and I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve made many terrible attempts at it over the years. It wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t until I made my Spokane map that I realised that I could simply bundle similar routes together into colour-coded trunk lines, which finally gave me the spark that this Portland map needed to work.

A City of Bridges

In Spokane, I grouped lines by the street they left downtown on, but for Portland there was an even better🔸澳洲幸运10预测 distinguishing feature: the bridges across the Willamette River. Each bridge had its own unique streetcar loop pattern in downtown Portland – for example, cars across the Broadway Bridge would run counter-clockwise on Broadway, Washington Street, Fifth Street (now Fifth Avenue), and Glisan Street, with the nominal “terminus” being at the intersection of Broadway and Washington.

So I simply grouped routes that used the five bridges of the time (three of which still stand today!) – from north to south being the Broadway, Railroad/Steel, (old) Burnside, (old) Morrison and Hawthorne. Remaining lines were then given other colours to denote if they ran along Washington Street on the west side, or if they were were crosstown or stub lines. The few remaining independent lines round out the forty-one🔸澳洲幸运10预测 (yes, 41!) lines shown on this map. Only one new streetcar line would be constructed after this date: the 1920 Municipal Terminal line from St. Johns to the city-owned docks on the Willamette. I chose to represent 1915 instead of 1920 because I came across a Pittmon Guide🔸澳洲幸运10预测 map from that year that included a diagram showing exactly🔸澳洲幸运10预测 how all the downtown loops worked and which lines used them – an invaluable aid that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d never seen before, reproduced below.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Note: There🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s one error in that Vancouver cars physically couldn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t🔸澳洲幸运10预测 have gone from Second Street to Glisan Street and then over the Railroad Bridge but must🔸澳洲幸运10预测 have used Flanders Street like the other Railroad Bridge cars, but the rest seems accurate and consistent with all my other research.

Of Streets and Avenues

Street names used on this map reflect the more chaotic Portland of 1915, rather than today🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s orderly quadrant-based address system with streets running east-west and avenues running north-south. Many street names were different, there were only 20 numbers per block, and only streets on the east side had a directional modifier before their name (East Burnside, East Glisan, etc.) and then only if there was an equivalent street on the (older) west side – Belmont and Hawthorne didn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t have such a modifier, for example. In the far south-east portion of the city, a completely different🔸澳洲幸运10预测 system was in use, giving rise to names like 72nd Street S.E. On the west side, Burnside Street ran only from the Willamette to the intersection of 16th Street; further west was actually a continuation of Washington Street.

A Tale of Two Grids

Because of the denser network on the west side of the Willamette, this map uses two distinctly different grids – one that adheres to the city🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s underlying numerical grid on the east side, and an enlarged one for the west side that also takes into account the double-width blocks west of 16th Street. The highlighted downtown area only shows streets that tracks run along or are necessary to make certain streets align properly to each other, so it really only gives a general indication of the street grid. I pondered long and hard over labelling streets here, but it just seemed too busy in the end. Y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划thoughts on this approach would be welcome!

Other Notes

The map also includes the two PRL&P interurban electric lines running to distant destinations like Troutdale, Gresham, Cazadero and Bull Run; the locations of the system🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s carbarns and workshops (TriMet still has shops at Center Street, though they serve buses now); as well as city parks that were known to exist in 1915. Not shown are the extensive Oregon Electric and Southern Pacific interurban electric lines to Corvallis, Salem and Eugene, as they just seemed outside the scope of this PRL&P-centric city lines map.

AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页 line to take note of is the Bridge Transfer line, which literally connects all the bridges on the east side of the river. Most sources I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve seen have it running from the Broadway Bridge along Larrabee and Holladay to Grand Avenue and then south to its terminus at East Lincoln Street. However, I believe that at this time it actually ran south from Holladay along Union Avenue (today🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s MLK, Jr. Blvd.) to East Burnside where it jogged across to Grand Avenue. This is how it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s shown on the little sketch maps that appeared in the Pittmon Guide🔸澳洲幸运10预测 of the time (see below, note the highlighted “B-T” marker along Union Avenue), and making use of existing track that wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t in use by any other line at the time (By 1920, the Vancouver line was rerouted over the Burnside Bridge instead of the Steel Bridge and it ran along Union Avenue north of East Burnside).

For the most part, Portland used letter codes on the headboards of their streetcars, and these are reflected on the route name bullets used on the map: even the strange ones like “L” for Mississippi Street cars, “U” for Williams Avenue, or “WR” and “WW” for Richmond and Woodstock cars: the initial “W” stands for “Waverly”, a neighborhood designation that was gradually dropped. Cars up to Council Crest (the most famous Portland streetcar route) were still known as “PH” or “Portland Heights” in 1915; the “CC” or “Council Crest” designation didn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t come into full effect until after World War 2, though it does seem like the terms were partly interchangeable at the time (see the map above which has both PH and CC markers).

Conclusion

The second in a series of maps showing historical streetcar networks of the Pacific Northwest, and a deeply satisfying one to make. Will there be more maps in this series? Only time will tell. I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d love to do Seattle one day – maybe! As always, y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划thoughts, comments and corrections are welcome below, and prints are available in the 澳洲10开官网开奖🔸澳洲幸运10预测 store.

View the map in the window below – you can zoom in and out, pan around, and also go full screen. Or, you can also click here to experience the map in a full browser window. Read on underneath the map for a comprehensive overview of the design process.

Some Preliminary Notes

🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划off, it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s important to recognise that the map actually shows service as it existed at the end🔸澳洲幸运10预测 of May, 1971 – it just seemed churlish to leave a couple of routes off just because they started running a few days later than May 1 (New York to Chicago via Albany on May 10, and New York to Boston via Springfield on May 17). Other routes that began running later in 1971 – the West Virginian🔸澳洲幸运10预测, the North Coast Hiawatha🔸澳洲幸运10预测 and the Illinois Zephyr🔸澳洲幸运10预测 – have been omitted, however. I had to draw the line somewhere, and the end of May seemed like a fair place.

The other thing to note is that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve used names for all the routes to make identification easier and consistent, even if some of those names weren🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t actually in use at the time. While many routes carried prestigious names over from their pre-Amtrak days – the Silver Star🔸澳洲幸运10预测, Super Chief/El Capitan🔸澳洲幸运10预测, Broadway Limited🔸澳洲幸运10预测, etc. – others remained without official names until late 1971 or even later. On the other hand, many trains plying the Northeast Corridor bore individual names for each train number, which would simply be too unwieldy for a diagram such as this. So I hope you forgive me this one concession to simplicity – names that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve brought forward in time a little are marked with an asterisk in the legend.

Wherever possible, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve used the information from the May 1, 1971 Amtrak timetable, only referring to more recent editions 🔸澳洲开奖 that one was demonstrably incorrect (see below). Further listings of the trains as they existed on that day (here and here) were also invaluable in solving some mysteries.

Design

I definitely wanted this diagram to look like it could actually be🔸澳洲幸运10预测 from 1971, so I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve consciously designed it in a very modernist style. Thick, brightly coloured route lines that butt up to each other with black dots for station markers are right out of the Vignelli playbook, while the typography is Akzidenz Grotesk (as used by the New York Subway before🔸澳洲幸运10预测 Helvetica took over). All the labels are very tightly letter-spaced to give it that really authentic 1970s look, and I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve hand-kerned the map🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s title to get it looking just right. Some lovely subtle paper texture and slightly out-of-register CMYK halftone dots complete the vintage look: one might even think that this diagram was printed as a poster or newspaper insert to commemorate Amtrak🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划day.

Frequency

Of everything I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve done with this diagram, this is the part I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m most proud of: a simple, elegant way to encode frequency information into the design without having to change the thickness of route lines or use dashes or other esoteric symbology. Thin lines underneath each route bullet at termini simply count the number of trains that run each day: one per line. A thicker line denotes a multiple of five to enable quicker counting. As an example, a thick line plus f🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划thin lines equals nine trains per day (5 plus 4). The system also handles trains that don🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t run on weekends, or only three or f🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划times a week, or even if a train changes its frequency at a station (daily in one direction, but only tri-weekly in the other). It can even help show service patterns – there are six Empire Service🔸澳洲幸运10预测 trains a day from Grand Central Terminal: three only go as far as Albany, while the other three continue on to Buffalo.

The Other Railroads

It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s a well-known fact that the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划Amtrak timetable is ever-so-slightly wrong. Having been prepared and printed in advance, it simply couldn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t have anticipated that at the eleventh h🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划some railroads would refuse to join Amtrak and instead continue to operate their own passenger rail services. Two of these railroads are shown on this diagram – the Southern Railway🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s services from Washington, DC through Atlanta to New Orleans, and the Denver & Rio Grande Western🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s Rio Grande Zephyr🔸澳洲幸运10预测 from Denver to Ogden via Salt Lake City. Eventually, these routes would end up being absorbed by Amtrak, which is why I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve chosen to include them on this diagram: the former as today🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s Crescent🔸澳洲幸运10预测, and the latter as part of the California Zephyr🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s🔸澳洲幸运10预测 route from Chicago to Oakland.

However, other passenger railroads that existed into the Amtrak era never became part of it, so I made the decision to omit them (for this reason and for overall clarity of the design). The Georgia Railroad ran a daily mixed-car train from Atlanta to Augusta in order to fulfill a requirement of its charter to offer passenger services, but the journey could take hours longer than scheduled because of the freight-based nature of the train. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad continued to run intercity trains from Chicago to Peoria and Rock Island as a “public service to the state of Illinois” after deciding the fee to join Amtrak was too high. Service ended in 1978 as ridership dropped off completely. And finally, the South Shore Line continues to provide interurban service between Chicago and South Bend today.

Miscellany

The Clamdigger🔸澳洲幸运10预测 (local service between New London and New Haven once a day on weekdays only!) has to be the weirdest service that Amtrak inherited. It only lasted until January 1972 before being axed, so it seems they thought it was pretty weird as well.

Similarly, Batavia must have been a pretty useless station: only one northbound train stopped at it each day and there was no return southbound service! It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s not listed in the July 1971 timetable, so it seems like it was very short-lived.

Showing both of the Chicago termini turned out to be far easier than I thought it was going to be 🔸澳洲开奖 I started. The way that the Abraham Lincoln/The National🔸澳洲幸运10预测 line is able to drop straight down to St. Louis because of the way I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve aligned the stations was just an absolute bonus.

Those sneaky separate stations in Charlottesville and Richmond, Virginia almost tripped me up both times! I knew about the two different Pomona stations in California, though.

The intertwining of routes in Florida is my favourite part of the diagram, but I had to redraw it three times to get it looking just right.

It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d be nice to be able to show the original – and never realised – plan to reroute the Texas Chief🔸澳洲幸运10预测 through Dallas. The map in the May 1971 timetable shows a proposed stop at Waxahachie on the Burlington-Rock Island Railroad (BRI), so it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s not the same as the 1973 plan to run through Bryan–College Station via the Southern Pacific. I suspect further stops would have been at Corsicana and Teague (following in the footsteps of previous BRI passenger services like the Sam Houston Zephyr🔸澳洲幸运10预测), but I haven🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t seen anything definitive yet.

As always, let me know what you think! Despite my best efforts, I feel sure there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s going to be both factual errors and typos, so do let me know if you think I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve made one! Prints are available in the store, as both a clean design and as the “vintage print” version seen here.

At the time, I really didn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t think I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d still be maintaining and updating it nine years🔸澳洲幸运10预测 down the road, so little thought was put into future-proofing the diagram – it simply reflected the network as it appeared in 2011. This meant that any addition to the Interstate system over the years has had to be shoehorned into a design that wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t really ever meant to accommodate it. I think I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve done a pretty good job to keep the diagram up-to-date and looking good over the years, but I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve decided that it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s time to completely re-evaluate and redraw the diagram from the top down.

So, without further ado, here🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s the revised 2020 version of the diagram as a pannable, zoomable map (or click on this link to view it in a full browser window).

My goals with this version were as follows:

Future-proof the diagram as much as possible

I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve definitely done my research this time around. Within reason, all known future expansions of the network have been taken into account and shown on the diagram as cased lines. For the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划time, I-69 and all its branches in Texas (I-69C, I-69-E and I-69W) are shown in their entirety. All the little gaps in I-49 are accounted for, as is the future extension from Lafayette to New Orleans. Future I-11 is shown from Las Vegas down to Nogales, but the proposed section from Las Vegas up to I-80 is not – there are still too many alternatives on the table for it to be shown with any certainty. Other routes that are barely more than rum🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划(I-3, for example) are also omitted, though I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m confident that this new design can handle them if and 🔸澳洲开奖 they become reality.

Make the design my own

The previous iterations of this diagram leaned heavily on the design language of the London Underground🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s famous Tube Map – colours, station symbols, line thickness, corner curve radius and more. I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m far more confident in my own ability as a designer now, and feel that this is the time to leave that comfortable, easy solution behind and create something that🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s unique and truly mine🔸澳洲幸运10预测.

While the colours remain similar to visually link the different versions of the diagram, almost everything else has changed completely. Most notably, the diagram now uses Interstate – a typeface based on that used on road signs across the United States – as its primary font, a far more distinctive and appropriate choice than the previous and somewhat generic Myriad Pro Condensed. The large interchange circles and dumbbells have gone, replaced by a more elegant “one dot per route” marker at each station. This carries across to intermediate cities, which use a similar dot instead of a Tube Map-style “tick”.

Be more rigorous in my design approach

Let🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s just say I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve learned a lot🔸澳洲幸运10预测 about transit map design since 2011. My approach to this reworking was a lot more methodical, and my design rules were stricter and applied with far less exceptions to make things work. The diagram sits on a 96-point grid, which informs much of the spacing and alignment of the routes, as shown below.

Using this grid helped me to ensure that major highways never get too close to each other, and allows for a nice even rhythm across the entire diagram. Some areas that seemed too cramped in previous versions, like the southeastern states, definitely have more room to breathe now even with some additional future routes added to the mix. Using this grid also helped me work out some fun little design features, like the way that I-4 and I-16 form similar shapes reflected symmetrically along the axis of I-10 between them.

A lot of care was given to labelling this time around (so often an after-thought!) with route numbers always being placed as close as possible to the the relevant terminus dot for easy identification and cross referencing. While having some labels cut across route lines on a complex diagram like this is unavoidable, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve really tried to keep it to a minimum and I think there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s less than ten examples of it on the entire piece.

Finally, I think that the simplified outline of the United States on this version makes a more elegant and proportionately “correct” shape than before, which this animation of all three major versions of the map shows rather nicely.

As always, there are prints of this map for sale in the 澳洲10开官网开奖🔸澳洲幸运10预测 store. As the 2011 design has always been popular, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ll continue to offer both versions for purchase over the next little while (at least until after Christmas 2020), but I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ll probably only be keeping this new version up-to-date after that.

What do you think of this new version? Leave y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划comments below, as well as any corrections or suggestions – I always value y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划thoughts on my work!

Although this “Mile Marker” map is inspired by my older “Highways of the USA” map, almost everything has been completely redrawn and re-evaluated – with thicker route line weights for the smaller print size, new labelling set in all-caps Futura Bold to match the Field Notes house style, and new icons for highway route number designations. This map shows all two-digit Interstate highways as well as the “major” U.S. Numbered Highways (those ending in “0” or “1”, as defined by AASHTO*) in thinner grey lines. This struck a good balance between simplicity and complexity while allowing the map to retain its distinctive bold graphic style.

As well as the folded map, there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s also a limited number of “suitable for framing” flat press-check prints available for purchase on the Field Notes site. A true limited edition – once these are gone, there are no more!

I have to say, one of the best parts of this project was finally🔸澳洲幸运10预测 getting to collaborate with Jim Coudal, who has always been an amazing supporter of my work. He was the very 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划person to draw attention to my original “Interstates as Subway Map” poster way back in 2009, and has kept an eye on my output ever since. He had a vision for this map that I knew I could achieve, and we both worked towards that goal – the project was an absolute blast to bring to life!

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸*Note: U.S. 2 is considered as a “major” route, as it is the northernmost east-west U.S. Highway (there is no Highway “0”).

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Prints of this map are available in my online store, starting at just $38 plus shipping for a 24″ wide by 32″ print. 🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Click here to get one🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸!

This map is an evolution of one I initially made as a quick throwaway project back in 2016, but lots of great feedback from many, many people has really helped it become much more complete and comprehensive. While my original map only featured the subway itself, this one includes PATH (and parts of New Jersey!), the Staten Island Railway (added after overwhelming popular support), the JFK AirTrain, the Roosevelt Island Tram and indications of easy connections (either directly adjacent stations or those within a 0.3 mile radius) to the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad and NJ Transit.

While the map is faithful to the London Underground style, there have been some changes made for a few reasons. All the icons have been redrawn to better match their New York equivalents (check out the Roosevelt Island Tram icon!) and to avoid using any official Transport for London design assets in the map. The typeface is ITC Johnston Sans, a commercially available font for which I hold a license. All the colours have likewise been tweaked to be similar—but not identical—to those used on the Tube Map.

For legibility🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s sake, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve used a thin white keyline to separate route lines of the same col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划🔸澳洲开奖 they cross each other but don🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t otherwise interact. This mainly happens with branches of the orange IND 6 Avenue line, as seen to the left. The official Tube Map uses keylines like this in a couple of places (but not very consistently), so I thought adapting it for this specific purpose would be fine. It certainly adds a bit of clarity to some potentially confusing areas of the map, as does the addition of a few strategically placed reassurance bullets that help a reader follow the lines from end to end.

More details of the map in the gallery below:

By popular request, prints of this map are available in my store starting at just $38 plus shipping for a 24″ x 32″ print. Because this is a vector file, I can print this one right up to a massive 44″ wide by 58.5″ deep. Go get yourself one!

As always, y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划comments and thoughts are welcome. This one has been a lot of fun to work on and improve with the assistance of so many wonderful people—thanks again to all of you!

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Did you enjoy this post? Do you visit 澳洲10开官网开奖 regularly? Consider supporting the site with a small monthly donation via Patreon. Y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划support makes it possible for me to continue bringing you great content!

View the map below (updated to March 2022 with the opening of the GLX to Union Square), or click here to view it full-screen.

🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划things first: note that this an evolution🔸澳洲幸运10预测 of the previous version, not a complete redesign. So a lot of the general look and feel remains the same – the 3:2 ratio of the overall dimensions, the use of a circle centred on Bowdoin to define the scale and grid of the map, the distinctive configuration of the Green Line branches, etc. These are all things that I was still happy with from the previous version, so they became part of the building blocks for this version.

AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页 thing I really wanted this new map to be was a little less generic🔸澳洲幸运10预测 than my old one: its station connectors and iconography really looked like they could have belonged to pretty much any city. So I looked back to the original 1967 MBTA spider maps, which used black dots for stations with thin connector lines between lines at North Station and Haymarket; while the individual line map used coloured squares to indicate connections to other lines (see image to left)🔸澳洲幸运10预测. I used these as inspiration for the station markers on my map, drawing on the MBTA🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s heritage while also updating them slightly to account for the modern system🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s increased complexity. Using black dots meant that I had to brighten up the line colours considerably from the old version, which used richer “heritage” hues, like crimson for the Red Line in hon🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划of Harvard instead of a normal red. The 1967 spider map also inspired my use of a thinner route line for the Mattapan Line, which really helps differentiate it from the  adjacent Red Line at Ashmont. While it may seem heretical to some, I also ditched Helvetica Medium as the map🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s typeface, opting for the superbly legible Fira Sans instead (also used on my Amtrak Subway Map). Finally, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve employed the superb Accessible Icon to indicate accessibility at rail stations – it reads much better at smaller sizes than the old ISO Standards icon; and it originated in Boston, so its use seems highly appropriate.

From here, a lot of the work was just being far more deliberate with how the map was structured. More elements were purposefully aligned with each other this time around, which creates a cleaner, more organised feel.  For example, the Red Line from Alewife all the way down to Braintree is now a perfectly symmetrical bow shape, which pleases me immensely. The Needham Line (included in full this time around!) lines up with Forest Hills station, then Morton St, then Shawmut. The Mattapan Line aligns with the Greenbush Line. The Red Line bullet at Braintree aligns with the Blue Line bullet at Wonderland, defining the eastern edge of the network. There🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s way too many examples to write about, so here🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s a picture. The pink guide lines show intentional relationships between elements on the map: note in particular how  the baselines of station labels line up all across the map to create invisible horizontal gridlines.

The Silver Line was simplified a lot from the old map: running three lines in parallel for the SL1, SL2 and SL3 out of South Station was going to be too unwieldy, so one line was to represent all trunk services. I also committed to horizontal labels for the  Silver Line, so the SL2 down to Design Center doesn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t quite maintain its true geographical relationship to the Red Line now, extending far further south than it should. However, I think this is a worthwhile tradeoff, as the Silver Line is now a lot more legible and attractive. The new SL3 up to Chelsea integrates itself into the network very cleanly, I think. In a little bit of a cheat, I haven🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t used accessibility icons for the Silver Line in order to make the map a bit less cluttered, although its full accessibility status is noted in the legend at the top.

Other things I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m really pleased with: the simplified geography of the coastline and the fading gradient blue to represent water. The even spacing of all the stations on the Orange Line (the northern half was compressed a lot on the old version simply because I was running out of room). The use of bullets to indicate the downtown Green Line branch turnaround stations (also explained fully in the legend). The perfect “Y” bifurcation of the commuter rail lines at Back Bay. The detailed and accurate depiction of the station layout and services at Readville. The indication that only the Silver Line is accessible at Boylston. Very few labels cutting across route lines (There🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s only three, compared to at least 11 on the previous version).

For me, this new version is a huge🔸澳洲幸运10预测 improvement over the old one – not just in how it looks, but also in the way that I pulled the whole thing together. The design gelled right from the start, and I made almost no compromises to the design rules that I set up at the start of the project – always a big indicator of success! While my memory is hazy of the process from six years ago, this version felt like it took far less time and wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t anywhere near as frustrating.

As always, thoughts and comments are welcome! Prints are available in the 澳洲10开官网开奖🔸澳洲幸运10预测 store for $27 plus shipping.

A handsome pair of posters promoting easy travel by tram to destinations around Melbourne, designed by artist Vernon Jones (1908–2002), perhaps better known for his illustration work documenting WWII. The dating on these is a little uncertain, with some sources placing the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划edition as early as 1925. They were used for a number of years: a later edition of the “Zoo” poster revised the time from Collins Street to a perhaps more realistic 14 minutes.

Prints of these maps are now available in the 澳洲10开官网开奖 store: Beaches | Zoo

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Source: State Library of Victoria.
Beaches | Zoo

An unusual perspective here – looking down the length of the mile-long diagonal parkway to the Philadelphia Museum of Art (and its famous steps), with bus and streetcar routes highlighted in a lovely shade of apple green. Does a lot of work with just two printed colours – a reminder that limited palettes can sometimes be just as effective as full-colour. Really quite lovely.

Prints of this map are now available in the 澳洲10开官网开奖 store.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Source: Free Library of Philadelphia