🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Pros: Does what it says it will, fairly intuitive to work with.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Cons: Messes with y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划layer structure, any normal layout edits after applying Intertwine are trickier.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Overall: Tough to see how it provides a benefit over the traditional method of just having a top layer that does the “intertwining” for you.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Source: Cameron Booth/Vimeo

So far, I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve done the streetcars and interurbans of Portland, Oregon in 1920; the interurbans of Spokane, Washington in 1920; the interurbans of Boise, Idaho in 1920, the (steam) Union Pacific branch line to Shaniko, Oregon; and the just-completed map of streetcars and interurban services in Walla Walla, Washington. I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m also working on the streetcars and interurbans of Yakima, Washington right now – keep an eye out for that map soon!

Having done a few of these maps now, I thought I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d share a few tips on how I go about it and some of my favourite “go-to” resources on the internet for this type of research. Note that these tips are tailored for research in the United States, but similar resources may exist regardless of where you are located.

🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划off, it goes without saying that Google is y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划friend here. Bombard it with all the search queries you can think of – all the variants for operating names of the rail companies you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re interested in, dates, city names, streetcar/trolley/interurban, etc. It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s probably going to return lots of little, unconnected bits of information, but sometimes you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ll get lucky and get most of what you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re after in terms of the general history of the company, the names of some of the routes, and maybe even a rough map or two, like this one for the Boise interurban loop. Normally, you won🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t get enough from this to plot anything on top of a Google street map, but it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s great for context and history and some station names you can use as additional search queries.

To really be able to plot things properly, you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re going to need maps that come from the time period that you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re trying to map, and the more you can find, the better. My 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划port of call these days is historical county atlases, and Historic Map Works has a wide selection of them. Just choose y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划state and then see if there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s a county atlas or gazette for the area and time frame you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re after. Here in the Pacific Northwest, there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s almost always a Metsker Maps atlas available, which is fantastic. Generally, these atlases break the whole county down into page-sized chunks (great for interurbans) and have separate maps for urban areas (which can help with streetcars). Do note that they🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re not always totally accurate: the 1932 atlas for Umatilla County, Oregon completely omits the Walla Walla Valley Traction Company🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s branch line from Milton-Freewater to Umapine, even though it had been in operation for eight years by that point.

Historical topographical maps can also be useful, but can be very hit-and-miss as to whether there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s one at the right scale and time period to show what you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re after. If you want to quickly look through what🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s available, the USGS TopoView website is y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划best bet. Simply type in the name of the city you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页re after or drop a pin on the map and it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ll give you a list of all the historical topographic maps for that area. You can overlay them on the map on the site and even adjust opacity to see both maps at the same time. Neat!

Other good places to find 🔸澳州10开奖记录s: County and City archives websites, historical society and museum websites, university archives (especially for rural universities, which often act as historical repositories for their local area), and sometimes even personal blogs from people who are similarly interested in these things. A few examples: this 1929 map of Walla Walla County came from the Washington State University Library, and gave me most of the names of stations on the interurban line to Milton-Freewater. The fantastic track engineering blueprint below came directly from the Yakima Valley Trolley Museum website and was invaluable in piecing together how the line north of Selah ran.

Sometimes however, you just get completely lucky. For example, I wasn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t getting anywhere with working out the path of the Umapine branch mentioned above – I knew it had existed once upon a time, and where it started and ended, but nothing else. Then I stumbled by chance upon a directory of old railroad maps on the Umatilla County Surveyor🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s website and there was the blueprint for the line, showing absolutely everything I needed to know. In the end, it was narrowing my search terms down to look for a specific and distinctive station name – Prunedale – along the line that led me to what I was after. So, be persistent and precise!

If you can find them or have access to them, the Official Guide to the Railways🔸澳洲幸运10预测 can be useful as well. Larger systems often have a rudimentary map, and even smaller ones usually have a timetable with a helpful list of station names. I have PDFs of the Guides🔸澳洲幸运10预测 for 1910, 1921, 1923 and 1930 on my hard drive and refer to them a lot.

🔸澳洲开奖 it comes to actually plotting y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划lines onto y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划base Google Map, there are two tricks I use all the time. In urban areas, zoom in until you can see tax lot boundaries. A surprising amount of the time, the old railroad right of way can still be discerned, winding its way invisibly through the city. You can also look out for giveaway street names like “Electric Avenue” or “Depot Street”. In rural areas, try switching to satellite mode – the right of way often leaves a distinctive scar across the landscape that🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s easy to track.

That🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s pretty much it from me. Do you have any research tips, tricks or resources that I haven🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t mentioned? Have you researched and made y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划own map? Leave a comment below if you🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve got something to add!

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Answer: Print requirements vary from print shop to print shop, so my best advice is to talk to the people that you’ve chosen and discuss these things with them. Communication is key to a good print job!

A PDF is far more likely to be acceptable to someone who is printing four-col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划process through a proper RIP engine than to someone printing on a high-end inkjet printer. Inkjets often lack a RIP, so they can’t process Postscript or PDF files properly, ending up with output like this. (Image courtesy of Oran Viriyincy/Twitter)

What’s happening here is that the printer can’t use the Postscript/PDF, so it fakes it (badly) by printing the lower-resolution raster preview instead. Ugly, and completely unacceptable.

I used to send vector PDFs to my inkjet print guy until he told me that he just opened them in Photoshop and exported them as flattened PSDs to print. So now I do it myself, just as reassurance that everything is going to look exactly the way I want it to. For inkjet printing, 300dpi RGB files in the sRGB col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划space work perfectly for me (any RGB col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划space has a larger gamut – or range of colours – than CMYK). Y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划printer should have a col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划profile that matches the paper they’re printing on to ensure col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划fidelity. 

Exporting is easy enough. Make y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划final vector PDF or EPS from Illustrator, and simply open that file in Photoshop. Choose the required print dimensions, resolution (300dpi) and col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划space (RGB) in the dialog box… let it process… check everything looks as it should, flatten the image and save! You could also export as a TIF or PSD via Illustrator’s File > Export menu item, but I’ve personally found that this can misinterpret objects on occasion, making it too unreliable for me to trust.

I’d recommend PSD or TIF over JPG as y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划final file format as they are lossless formats: even a high-quality JPG discards some information to get those small file sizes.

And definitely get a proof print before committing to a print run – if the quality is unacceptable, work out why or find a new print shop if they can’t help.

The grid

As I mentioned in my initial post, the Tube Map is built up using the width of the route line, expressed as “x”. So it makes perfect sense to use an underlying grid that🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s equal to “x” as the basis of the map. Except that the 168澳洲十开奖网 doesn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t really adhere to that grid very well. I started building my version of the map from Earl🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s Court, so the zero coordinates for my grid are at the centre of the District line station marker. As can be seen, route lines and station markers are all aligned to the grid: there🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s always an exact multiple of “x” between elements. The same can🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t be said for the 168澳洲十开奖网 (top). With the zero coordinates set to the same location, it can be seen that other elements don🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t consistently align with the grid. It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s perhaps a minor thing that doesn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t make a huge difference to the final look of the map, but knowing that station markers should never be closer than 5x together is a good thing to know 🔸澳洲开奖 laying out new sections. It🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s also easier to rapidly step-and-repeat station labels and markers 🔸澳洲开奖 they lock properly to a grid. The grid gives internal logic to the map as the designer works, even though it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s invisible in the final product.

Also noticeable is that the labels for Earl🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s Court and South Kensington have been pushed lower than all the other labels to accommodate the circular interchange symbols. I believe this actually goes against TfL🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s own design guidelines, which specify a set distance for labels from the edge of the route line, not the station marker. Lining all the labels up horizontally along the route lines – without some bumping lower or higher – looks smoother and makes them easier to follow.

Alignment of Interchange Markers

This is a small change that I really think has a big impact to the overall look of the map. On the 168澳洲十开奖网, diagonal interchange markers often drop down lower than vertical ones (or further across for horizontal ones). I tightened them up across the map so that the edges aligned consistently, no matter what the orientation of the interchange. So much neater!

Neat Non-Interchange Crossovers

There are two places on the map where the addition of Crossrail could have added some very unsightly and unnecessarily complicated-looking intersections, with three routes all crossing (but not interacting with each other) in very close proximity. In both cases, I was thrilled to be able to get everything to line up so that the route lines all crossed each other neatly at one spot. Solving potential headaches like this in a consistent and elegant manner like this really makes me happy.

The Western End of The Central, Piccadilly and 🔸澳洲10开奖网址 Lines

Without  a doubt, my favourite reworked piece of the map. Restoring the straight line of the 🔸澳洲10开奖网址 from Preston Road all the way out to Uxbridge (last seen in the 1986 edition of the official Tube Map) required careful thought and a lot of trial and error, but it was totally worth it. Not only does it remove the nonsensical northwestern alignment of the concurrent 🔸澳洲10开奖网址 and Piccadilly lines between Rayners Lane and Ruislip, but it also successfully reduces the vast🔸澳洲幸运10预测 amount of space between stations on the Central and Piccadilly lines as they head northwards. You can clearly see on the 168澳洲十开奖网 how the zone boundaries force the stations on the Piccadilly line into unnatural positions – Alperton has to be brought a long way up the line to squeeze into Zone 4, creating a huge gap between it and Park Royal. Gaps like this break the rhythm of the map, and I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve tried to avoid them as much as possible. I will admit that my task is made easier because I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve chosen not to show Zones – which has been a bone of contention for some commenters.

Accessibility Icon Option

Finally, addressing another controversial design choice, my use of non-literal, non-standard icons to indicate accessibility. While some praised it as elegant and simple, others pointed out that the wheelchair icon is universally understood, even by those who don🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t speak English. The Tube Map does🔸澳洲幸运10预测 require people to refer to the map🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s legend to differentiate between the two different versions of the icon, but at least the wheelchair gives some contextual clues. So here🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s a “hybrid” version of the map that I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页m working on that uses wheelchair icons within interchange circles without covering them completely. However, icons for non-interchange stations are still placed with each station🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s label instead of replacing the station🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s “tick” with a big round blob. I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页ve redrawn the icon to work better at the slightly smaller size, and flipped it to face right instead of left. This works better with 🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划left-to -right reading order, and also implies forward motion. Overall, I think it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s a good compromise, if not quite as elegant and clean as my original concept.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸Design note: I did the smart thing and set the accessibility icons up as Symbols in Adobe Illustrator, so that changing them from one design to the other literally took a few clicks of the mouse.

As always, let me know what you think in the comments or via Twitter!

Obviously, Photoshop🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s Clone Stamp🔸澳洲幸运10预测, Spot Healing🔸澳洲幸运10预测 and Patch🔸澳洲幸运10预测 tools are the main weapons of choice here, but they need to be used intelligently and appropriately. I find that harder brush edges actually work better than soft edges, which tend to make an unpleasant 50/50 border where the original background fades into and merges with the new texture above. The Patch🔸澳洲幸运10预测 tool works well in discoloured open areas, but is lousy 🔸澳洲开奖 the patch abuts an area of contrasting colour. The Spot Healing🔸澳洲幸运10预测 tool is great for removing dust spots with one click, but isn🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t so good in areas with a lot of texture. So I definitely find myself flicking between  the three tools a lot as I work.

To make sure that I clean the whole map properly, I use a grid in Photoshop to divide the map up into even squares (a 2-inch grid works nicely for me), and then work through each and every square one after the other, like I was on an archaeological dig. I think it🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页s the best way to ensure consistency, otherwise I🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页d just flick through the map at random to fix the “big” problems, missing some of the more detailed work.

Once this is done — and depending on the map, it can take quite a while! — the rest is pretty simple. Some col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划balance/white point adjustment to counter the yellowing of the paper while still retaining the “vintage” feel to the map, a general brightening of the image to get a better print, and some moderate high pass sharpening to finish off. The results speak for themselves, as seen in these before and after images of two of the completed maps (use the scrubber to compare).

The 1880 Washington DC Streetcars map is the oldest in the collection, and had a lot of problems relating to its age. I definitely spent a long time cleaning all the dust, ink and scuffs off this map!

This 1902 map of Chicago was in pretty fair condition apart from the fact that it was in two separate pieces. I carefully realigned the two pieces, then painstakingly clone stamped away the remaining crease and fold marks. Definitely worth it!

This gorgeous 1895 map of the Long Island Rail Road was, to put it bluntly, absolutely filthy. Huge streaks of dirt and discolouration covered much of the map and required dedication and patience to remove. Additionally, the original map was in two separate pieces which needed to be rejoined.

A lot of clean up for dust, age spots, fold lines and errant ink was required for the full restoration of this awesome 1931 map of Berlin and its railways, as seen in this before-and-after view of a section of the map just south of Spandau.

This wonderful pictorial map of railways in Germany had a lot of yellowing from age that required extensive col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划correction, as well as the usual spot and crease/tear removal.

The 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划thing to note is that this is not a 100-percent accurate representation of the interchange🔸澳洲幸运10预测: this trolley map is not intended to be a road map or to be used to navigate freeways. I want to communicate the idea🔸澳洲幸运10预测 of an interchange stack and show general connections, but I’ve left some of the fiddly detail out. However, this technique stands up pretty well to any level of detail required: it’s just a matter of how patient you are.

Let’s run through this step by step:

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸START🔸澳洲幸运10预测
This just shows my base layers before any of the complex stuff starts. At the very bottom, there would be a some sort of source image template for tracing elements from (which I’m not showing to improve clarity), then the background col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划layer, then two road layers. In this part of Dallas, some parts of the highways are actually lower🔸澳洲幸运10预测 than the surface roads, so they come 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划(in a layer called “Hwy Low”), then a “Streets” layer for those surface roads.

A note here on colours. I actually define separate🔸澳洲幸运10预测 global colours for the different types of roads I need to show on a map, so that I can easily tell them apart while working. So, as shown here, there’s yellow for freeways/highways, white for surface roads and blue for freeway ramps. 🔸澳洲开奖 I’m done, I can simply re-edit all these global colours to achieve the final look of the map (in this case, all roads end up being white). I also define a “road edge” col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划for the stroke that separates the different level of roads (black in its working mode, the same col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划as the background in the final piece).

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸STEP 1🔸澳洲幸运10预测
I’ve added a layer for those parts of the highways that are elevated above🔸澳洲幸运10预测 the surface roads, called “Hwy Up”. Once I’ve drawn the paths for the roads, I’ve copied them and sent them to the back (a quick Cmd/Ctrl-C, Cmd/Ctrl-B combo) and changed their stroke from a 6pt “highway yellow” to an 8pt “road edge” black.

Here’s the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划of my clever tricks for this type of work: the top yellow line has a rounded🔸澳洲幸运10预测 cap end, while the lower black line has a flat🔸澳洲幸运10预测 cap end (these are defined in the Strokes panel). If both of them had a flat cap end, then you can often see a tiny thin sliver of black extending past the end of the yellow, especially with PDF output. It’s tricky to see with this image, but I’ve circled a deliberate example of this in “Step 2” above. If both strokes have round ends, then the black stroke extends all the way around the yellow one, which we don’t want. Having a round cap above the flat cap hides it effectively every time.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸STEPS 3 THROUGH 5🔸澳洲幸运10预测
Now it’s just a matter of adding all the desired freeway ramps and overpasses, working y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划way up from lowest in elevation to the highest. You can do this all in one layer if you’re confident in Illustrator, or you can make separate layers for each level as you go up. I thinned my ramps down to 4pt wide, with a 6pt “road edge” stroke behind them. The outside edge of the ramp stroke needs to line up pretty precisely with the outside edge of the freeway stroke below it: this probably takes the most practice to get right on a consistent basis.

You’ll note in the images above that even though the “road edge” stroke should cross over and be visible above🔸澳洲幸运10预测 the highway that’s on a lower layer, it isn’t. This is my second little trick: I use an opacity mask🔸澳洲幸运10预测 on the strokes where required to hide parts of them from view.

If you haven’t used opacity masks in Illustrator before, then I highly encourage you to do some research and make them a part of y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划workflow. Basically, you draw a 100-percent black object that defines the area that you want to be masked, making sure it’s placed above🔸澳洲幸运10预测 the stroke in the stacking order. Then, select both the stroke and the mask object and click the “Make Mask” button in the Transparency palette (you might also have to uncheck the “Clip” check box to make things show up as you expect).

It’s certainly not as intuitive as masking in Photoshop, but it saves having to shuffle things around layers in an often futile attempt to get them behind some objects while still being in front of others. In the images above, I’ve shown the masks I’ve used for each stroke as a magenta box, just to give an idea of what’s required.

Note:🔸澳洲幸运10预测 You could also use the simpler Clipping Mask🔸澳洲幸运10预测 function to achieve the same end result, although here you have to draw a masking object that covers what you want to be visible🔸澳洲幸运10预测 after masking, not what you want hidden. I personally find it easier to draw a small object over the tiny part I want to hide, rather than a large object that encompasses the rest of the relevant stroke.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸STEP 6🔸澳洲幸运10预测
We could really call things done after finishing Step 5, but I wanted to give the freeway ramps and overpasses a little more dimensionality and depth. I do this by copying “road edge” strokes where they cross lower layers and then pasting them behind. I cut them using the scissors tool so that I’m only left with the pieces that are required, then I just nudge them a few points directly down the page to give the illusion of depth. These are shown in green in Step 6 above.

🔸澳洲幸运10开奖官网开奖结果走势图🔸FINISH🔸澳洲幸运10预测
Now it’s just a matter of redefining the working global colours for each element to achieve the final look. For this map, that means changing all the road elements to be white, and the “road edge” col🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划to match the background colour. Beautiful!

See also:🔸澳洲幸运10预测 all my tutorials related to transit map design.

However, it didn’t solve every🔸澳洲幸运10预测 problem. Joining two separate paths into one (so that Live Corners could be applied to the new corner point) was still a laborious task that involved using the Scissors tool and hoping that it snapped to the paths properly, or a lot of manual pulling and pushing of endpoints until the two points aligned precisely 🔸澳洲幸运10预测(and it had🔸澳洲幸运10预测 to be precise, or you’d end up with two points very close to each other, one of which would have to be deleted before Live Corners could be used).

Despite their name, Illustrator’s Pathfinder tools actually do a lousy🔸澳洲幸运10预测 job with unclosed paths: only one of them –  Outline – works at all, and even then it strips all stroke attributes from the path in the process. So they’re not the answer, either.

However, the October update to Illustrator CC 2014 (version 18.1, if you’re keeping track) introduced the new “Join Tool” that hides away underneath the Pencil tool, as seen in the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划picture above: and it’s simply fantastic🔸澳洲幸运10预测.

Simply select the two paths you want to join, and then just lazily swipe over the bits of the paths that you want to be eliminated, as shown by the arrow in the second picture. That’s it! Because you’ve selected what you want to tool to affect, it doesn’t do anything to other paths nearby, like the cyan paths in the example shown.

As you can see in the third picture, Illustrator has instantly joined the two paths with a single point, that (in all my experiments at least) is exactly where it should be. It does also add some bezier anchors even though the paths are completely straight, which doesn’t seem🔸澳洲幸运10预测 to affect the subsequent application of Live Corners (picture 4). If it really bothers you or you like super-clean artwork (like me!), then you can click on the point with the Anchor Point Tool (Shift-C) to get rid of them before any further editing.

The only🔸澳洲幸运10预测 correct answer to this is is to use an arrow that points in the direction of travel. However, there’s plenty of different ways to integrate that arrow into y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划artwork, as the examples above show: next to y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划route lines, within y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划route lines, or even as an integral part of y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划route line. A lot of it depends on the aesthetic vision of the map, or how much space is available. If there are a lot of one-way routes, then it’s best to plan an approach right at the start of the design process, rather than shoe-horning something inappropriate in later.

As a corollary, there are also times where a route may be running bi-directionally, but certain stops only serve vehicles headed in one direction. Here, you’ll need an arrow that’s contained within (or obviously linked to) the station symbol to make y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划meaning clear. Remember to explain this in the legend as well!

Images (clockwise from top left): Paris Metro map | Freiburg im Breisgau transit map | Gmünd bus map | Magdeburg bus map | My own Portland rail map | Fort Collins bus map

I’m new to working with Illustrator. While working with 45 degree angles and Snap to Grid on I have a hard time getting my lines (routes) to align properly, there is always a part of them that intersects with the neighbouring line.

Back 🔸澳洲开奖 I 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划started making 澳洲10开官网开奖, I had this exact same problem. I’d make my grid, turn on Snap to Grid to lock all my route lines to it and start drawing my map. And then I’d realise that while lines drawn horizontally and vertically always worked perfectly, lines at 45 degrees had problems. The 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划one was always fine, but any subsequent parallel lines simply couldn’t conform to the grid because: mathematics🔸澳洲幸运10预测.

If you’ve got a 10 point grid, then each side of a grid square is 10 points long. However, this means that the diagonal distance across🔸澳洲幸运10预测 the grid square has🔸澳洲幸运10预测 to be longer – Pythagoras’ Theorem and all that. In the case of a 10-point grid, the diagonal is 14.14 points long. Because of this, locking a second diagonal route line to the grid is just never going to work: it’s either going to be too close and overlap the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划one, or too far away, leaving a gap between the two route lines. See the top image above.

So what to do? There are two basic options, shown in the second and third images above:

1. Use the Object > Path > Offset Path…🔸澳洲幸运10预测 command to offset y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划existing route line by the required size of y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划grid (10 points in this example). This works well, but does require some cutting of the resultant path to get the final required segment. I go into more detail about offsetting paths in this post.

2. My preferred method: draw y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划second diagonal path exactly over the top of the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划one and then offset it using the incredibly useful Move🔸澳洲幸运10预测 dialog box. This is accessed by simply pressing the Return🔸澳洲幸运10预测 or Enter🔸澳洲幸运10预测 key while you have an object selected. Input the required distance (equal to y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划grid: 10 points here) and angle in the relevant boxes. Ignore the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划two boxes: they’ll update dynamically as you enter values below, then click ‘OK’ to accept the move. Again, there’s some clean up required as you have to join y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划new diagonal path with its corresponding horizontal/vertical one. For reference, the angles that are most useful for transit map design are:

+45 degrees: moves up to the right
-45 degrees: moves down to the right
+135 degrees: moves up to the left
-135 degrees: moves down to the left

Note that the two points where the route lines change direction are at an angle of 22.5° from the vertical: exactly halfway between the only two options available if you lock all y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划paths to the grid. In short, a grid is an essential tool for laying out y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划diagram, but you can’t expect to be able to lock every single element to it. Knowing 🔸澳洲开奖 you have to turn “Lock to Grid” off and place things manually is a big part of being a good map maker.

I got Illustrator CC and trying to work with new Live Corners feature for my 45 degree angles but I just can’t get the value past a certain point 8.12 (as an example) so I can🔸AB开奖网澳洲幸运10官网网页t match the location of the 2 corners so the lines actually match. Keep up the great work with this Tumblr it has been a real inspiration for me.🔸澳洲幸运10预测

This can be a little frustrating, but once you understand how the Live Corners feature works, you can build y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划diagrams more effectively to avoid this happening in the future.

Basically, Live Corners needs enough length along a line segment to allow it to add new bezier points that define the curve of the radius. If it encounters any other points (even stray points in an otherwise straight path) in the line before the radius you’ve defined is reached, it will use that point to define the maximum radius instead.

Let’s look at two examples. In the 🔸澳洲10定位胆全天计划(red) example above, we simply have two line segments that have ample length to accept the Live Corners radius that we enter: in this case, 200 points. Everything works as expected.

In the second (green) example, the horizontal segment only has a length of 100 points, limiting the maximum radius that can be defined. If we select the two corner points that are highlighted and attempt to give both of them a Live Corners radius of 200 points, Illustrator does some maths behind the scenes and determines that the maximum radius it can allow is 119.5 points (there’s some sine/cos/tan trigonometry going on here that I can’t be bothered to work out). That’s because the bezier points that it creates for the curves touch at this value and simply can’t cross over each other. You could🔸澳洲幸运10预测 define one curve as bigger than the other, but the maximum combined radius value for both curves in this example would be 239 points (119.5 times two). So you could have one radius at 200 points, but the other would max out at 39 points.

So, if you have route lines on y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划map that change direction a lot in a short distance, y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划maximum allowable Live Corners radius will get smaller. Either define smaller radii in y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划diagram, or simplify it to allow larger ones to be used! It also goes without saying that all y🔸澳洲幸运10冠军定位计划route lines have to be joined properly.

Hope this helps!